![]() Similarly in much of west and north-west England, fields were either never open, or were enclosed early. ![]() Parts of south-east England (notably sections of Essex and Kent) retained the pre-Roman Celtic field system of farming in small enclosed fields. However, the history of enclosure in England is different from region to region. įrom as early as the 12th century agricultural land had been enclosed. The ensuing difficulties in hiring labour has been seen as causing the abandonment of land and the demise of the feudal system, although some historians have suggested that the effects of the Black Death may have only sped up the process. Wages for labourers rose and translated into inflation across the economy. Landowners had to face the choice of raising wages to compete for workers or letting their lands go unused. The decline in population left surviving farm workers in great demand. But after outbreaks of the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century there was a major decline in population and crop yields. In the 13th century successful Lords did very well financially, however the peasants faced with ever increasing costs did not, and their landholding dwindled. įollowing the introduction of the feudal system, there was an increase in the economic growth and urban expansion of the country. This evolved into a financial agreement that avoided or replaced the service. The original contract bound the people who occupied the land to provide some form of service. Land ownership in the UK is still based on the feudal system introduced by the Normans where all land was owned by the Crown. ![]() Thus commoners were still able to exercise their ancient customary rights. However he promised the English people that he would keep the laws of Edward the Confessor. 6.1.3 Western Rising 1630–32 and forest enclosureĪfter William I invaded and conquered England in 1066, he distributed the land amongst 180 barons, who held the land as tenants.Enclosure riots are seen by historians as 'the pre-eminent form' of social protest from the 1530s to 1640s. There were social consequences to the policy, with many protests at the removal of rights from the common people. However, there were other motives too, one example being that the value of the land enclosed would be substantially increased. The primary reason for enclosure was to improve the efficiency of agriculture. Finally there were enclosures by Acts of Parliament. Secondly, there was enclosure by proprietors, owners who acted together, usually small farmers or squires, leading to the enclosure of whole parishes. First there was the creation of "closes ", taken out of larger common fields by their owners. ![]() The process could normally be accomplished in three ways. Agreements to enclose land could be either through a "formal" or "informal" process. Enclosure or Inclosure is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or " common land" enclosing it and by doing so depriving commoners of their rights of access and privilege. ![]()
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